When you are done reading the article pick an animal below to research more about. You will research and write a narrative, informational, and opinion story about it. Then you will present about the animal in your final presentation.
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Bears dig up the roots of skunk cabbage, leaving a pit that fills with water [that other living things can drink].


Even tiny [living things] can be engineers. The algae, fungi, and bacteria that form crusts on the surface of the soil [that may be unhealthy].



Spawning king salmon in some rivers have built up huge dunes of gravel by their digging activities. Such dunes can be several feet high and many feet long, so they [change which way a river or stream flows].



Humans are the [biggest] ecosystem engineers. They physically modify almost every landscape they occupy. Humans drain marshes and entire aquifers, [take all of the water out of] some streams and flood others, cut or burn [forests], plow up the sod, quarry rock and gravel deposits, cut away whole mountains in search of minerals, pave the ground with impermeable surfaces, dig harbors and build breakwaters, send untold millions of tons of sediment down rivers into bays and seas, fill lagoons and lakes and swamps, and so on.Human engineering typically has negative effects on previous [plants and animals] of an area.
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